For lathes and the like pparatus



Jan. 24, 1956 s. BREZA ET AL 2,731,869

CONTROLLING AND COMPENSATING APPARATUS FOR LATHES AND THE LIKE Filed March 6, 1951 6 Sheets-Sheet l fzvz/szvrofs Georye Breza AND firm B. Abramsen @QTMHW Jan. 24, 1956 G. BREZA ET AL CONTROLLING AND COMPENSATING 2,731,869 APPARATUS FOR LATHES AND THE LI Filed March 6, 1951 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 39 41 fmurozas 40 Gear-ye B eza 141w firm flAbrams n WMWQW Jan. 24, 1956 G. BREZA ET AL 2,731,869

CONTROLLING AND COMPENSATING APPARATUS FOR LATHES AND THE LIKE Filed March 6, 1951 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 XI ifyz [ma-mags Y Georye Breza A'ND firm 5 flbram en 27 1.17

MW aamwp Jan. 24, 1956 G. BREZA ETAL 2,731,869

CONTROLLING AND COMPENSATING APPARATUS FOR LATHES AND THE LIKE Filed March 6, 1951 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 vm/vmgs George Breza AND 2 7m? B. Abram sen I142 Jar-114 Jan. 24, 1956 G. BREZA ET AL 2,731,869 CONTROLLING AND COMPENSATING APPARATUS FOR LATHES AND THE LIKE Filed March 6, 1951 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 M I [NVFNTGffS 1 1 f GeoryeBfeza AND D 4 E1717 5. Abramsen 1956 G. BREZA ET AL 2,731,869

CONTROLLING AND COMPENSATING APPARATUS FOR LATHES AND THE LIKE Filed March 6, 1951 s Sheets-Sheet 6 fvszp luvs SWITCH CoxTJfpL CHAssIs DUP [CAT 15 t 58 Com-7cm Box Fbsn Lmz' SWITCH J Pol m SUPPLY I MTEICLOCKS Loxerrunmm COMPOUND H T Ax 2L TICAVIL 01 s H's MOTOIt COMPENSA'T'ING 35 Comic].

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Commusnrme Mo'rm C'itoss Fssn SWITCH M07011 13:12? ZNVENTO S ewfye Ere-2a AND E1217 5. :4bram5en M aFmwL United States Patent ce 2,731,869

Patented Jan. 24, 1956 Fig. VIII is a plan view of the cross-slide, the tool and tracer or stylus rest and their associated elements.

2,731,869 Fig. IX is a front elevational view on an enlarged scale showing the tool and stylus rest and its associated ele- CONTROLLING AND COMPENSATING APPA- merits, h

RATUS FOR LATHES AND THE LIKE Fig. X is a detail front elevation showing the com- George Breza, Baldwin and Fhm Abrams, Whitehall, pensating elements for modifying longitudinal travel of a assignm-s, by meme assignments, to w. Bliss the lathe carriage associated with the power screw of the Company, Canton, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware he- Application March 6, 1951, Serial No. 214,172 of 2% 3 2 taken m the plane 4 Claims (CL 82 14) Fig. XII is a detail longitudinal sectional view of the compensating attachment to the power screw, taken apart from other elements of the lathe assembly. This invention relates primarily to a duplicating lathe XIII is a cross-sectional View taken on the Same of the sort which is adapted to the cutting of shaped articles P 5 HIIII of I as 111 h w g a or irregular contour such as collared rOllS and the hits smufed tool and stylus rest provlded Wlth a mlllms cutter under the gu dance of a template or pattern to cut a template from a sample roll used as a pattern The primary obj t of h invention i to provide a Fig. XIV IS a front elevational view of the lathe carlathe of the sort described, which comprises cooperating flags and Cross-slide, the cross-Shae bslhg q pp Wlfll elements of such sort that it is capable or rapidly and a tool and stylus Test carrying a mining cutter as in gaccurately forming wlth a mimmum of repeated cutting operations an article such as a collared roll with cutting XV is a P v1ew of the assembly shown in gat various angles prescribed by the desired form of the roll and incorporated in a template or pattern; to give XVI is a Schematic diagram of the cable cohhec' a finish d product, tions for controlling the cross-slide motor and the com- A more specific object of the invention is to efiect the Pehsathlg motor of the lathe from the y above bje hil operating the primary means f Fig XVII is a schematlc and simplified wiring diagram ing the lathe carriage longitudinally at constant speed and f h connectlohs the Stylus Wlth an elecmcal hne accurately correlating a modifi d longitudinal speed of circuit and the cross-slide motor and compensating motor the lathe carriage to the transverse feed of the carriage of thelathfi to produce a va u bl d coordmated result whmh pep It should be understood that to avoid unnecessary forms the w k m supenor manner duplication not every element shown in some one or Another ob ect of the Invention IS to attain the above more figures 0f the r Wlngs is repeated in every figure described results without the use of complicated clutch In the embodlment of our mvehhoh as helem Show" and gea meehamsm d Wlthout the hecesslty of the lathe comprises aframe forming the lathe bed 1 The peated ad uStments requiring interruption of the work Work supports of the lathe comprise a center 2 earned Anoth Object of th mvenhon Is to provlde a lathe by tailstock 3 and a center 4 on face plate 5 rotated in wh1ch th longltudlnal speed f the carnage and the from head stock 6 containing connections driven by motor transverse feed are so correlated that a substitution of Dnvmg connecnons 8 COmPnslng speed'reducmg and cutting agencies enables the lathe without other alteraclutching means 9 transmit Power from head stock 6 to tions to be u ed fo cutting a template f a preformed power screw 10. A lathe carriage 11 is movable longiroll used as a pattern. tudinally of lathe bed 1 and carries a cross-slide 12 which These obje t we attain b providing a lathe of the is transversely movable on carriage 11 and which carr es sort in which the cross-feed is performed under electronic a wohand stylus rest Tool and stylus rest 13 a control of a tr operating on a template; in Which a cutting tool 14 to act on a workpiece shown as a roll lathe the longitudinal feed is transmitted to the lathe blank A and an electronically connected tracer in the carriage by Way of bl Compensating means achng form of the stylus 15 adapted to follow the contour of a in cooperation with power-transmitting means such as a template held a template screw driven at constant speed, such compensating means 0 detail the tool and stylus rest 13 ildiustable i being also controlled electronically by the tracer in conof t lathe bed.by .means of a shdmg connectlon t t i h h temp1ate with cross-slide 12. Ad usting movement of the assemh accompanying drawings exemplary of the bly is produced by a hand-operable screw 17 acting on nut b di of my invention; 18 connected with the tool and stylus rest. The stylus Fi I i a l View of tha meChanical assembly of a support 19 IS ad ustable in tool and stylus rest 13 longil h comprising the elements f my invention tudinally of the lathe bed by a hand-operable screw 20 Fig H 18 a from elevahon of the lathe Show!1 m Fig I WhlCh acts on nut 21 connected with the tool and stylus Fig III is a cross-sectional v1ew taken in the plane of S suppoit 19 carnes a hand-operable screw 22 the section line IH IH f Fig I and showing the lath which in turn carries the stylus follower 23. By means carriage and its associated elements of the lathe in side of hand'9perable.s.crew Stylus fOHQWCr 23 can be elevation, together with a steady rest of conventional conbrought mm posmoln Stylus g Wlth struction not shown elsewhere In the drawmgs template B The Sty us 0 ower an Sty us are e m a position of vertical adjustment by latch 24.

With the tool 14 and stylus 15 in proper adjustment with respect to the roll blank A and template B respec- F V crosssecnonal Y through the tively, the stylus follows the contour of the template, the taken in the plane of the section line V-V of Fig. IV- action being by means of a Raytheon electronic dupli- V1 is a lohgltudinal sectional View through the cator which acts continuously, instantly to correct any Cross-slide taken in the P13he 0f the section line VIVI tendency of the stylus to leave the template as the cutting of g; V 7 action proceeds. It is to be understood that the tool and VII is a detail View of driving ts f he o stylus rest 13, the stylus support 19 and stylus follower cross-slide which are shown on a smaller scale in Fig. V. 23 carrying stylus 15, together with cross slide 12, all are adjusted relatively to each other in all directions, initially to bring both stylus 15 with the template and work respectively.

In normal power operation of the lathe, cross-slide 12 is driven under stylus control by motor 25. As shown in Figs. V, VI, VII, threaded shaft, or screw, 26. acts on a nut 27 connected with the cross-slide for its propulsion. The assembly includes take-up sleeve 28 which is externally threaded to threaded region 29 of cross-slide 12 and which is acted on by pinion 30 to tighten the connection. Externally, a second nut 31 is toothed as a worm wheel in its region 32 to cooperate with worm 33 whichis rotatable by hand wheel 34 through connections 35. This latter means serves to bring the cutting tool initially into contact with the work and to make a straight entry of the cutting tool by hand when such action is desired. Otherwise cross-slide 12 is moved transversely of the lathe bed under power derived from motor 25.

It will be understood readily that rotation of power screw under power derived from main motor 7 through head stock 6 propels the lathe carriage as a whole longitudinally of the lathe bed in accordance with the connection of the power screw with the head stock and the rotational speed imparted to the power screw thereby. Thus simple movement of the lathe carriage 11 moves cutting tool 14 longitudinally of the work. Movement of crossslide 12 transversely of the lathe bed correspondingly causes cutting movement of cutting tool 14 into the roll being turned. For this movement, as noted above, power is provided by cross-slide motor 25 to move the cutting tool in a straight transverse line when the power screw is disconnected or to produce a taper cut during intervals of combined longitudinal and transverse movement. Without more, however, there is no correlation between the longitudinal feed and the cross-feed to cause the cutting tool to follow a pattern of any selected contour.

It is necessary, therefore to correlate the longitudinal feed of the lathe carriage to the movement of the crossslide in some manner. When the cross-feed is controlled by the contact of a stylus with a template, correlation between longitudinal feed and cross-feed usually is effected by regulating the rotational speed of the power screw. Where this has been done by mechanical means as by the manual or electro-mechanical operation of clutches and the like, the cutting action tends to be irregular necessi: tating a plurality of finishing cuts. Also the cutting ac tion is slow and in following some patterns it is necessary to repeat the operation in a reverse direction.

This problem we have solved by combining with a stylus-controlled cross-feed a driving member rotated at constant speed and variable speed modifying means connecting the constant speed driving means with the lathe carriage; and then have placed the speed-modifying means for the driving means likewise under control of the term plate-contacting stylus which controls movement of the cross-feed.

A specific embodiment of compensating means for modifying the effect of rotation of a power screw on longitudinal movement of the lathe carriage is shown in most figures of the drawings and is shown in detail in Figs. X, XI, and XII thereof. The compensating means herein shown comprise a variable speed motor 36 the energization of which is under control of stylus and which acts through a speed-reducing assembly 37 on vertical worm shaft 38. Shaft 38 carries a worm 39 meshing 6 with a worm wheel 40 on a nut 41 which has threaded engagement with power screw 10. A wear-cornpensating sleeve 42 is threaded to power screw 10 and nut 41. A housing 43 engages nut 41 with lathe carriage 11 and encloses worm 39, worm wheel 40 and anti-friction bearing 44 which surrounds nut 41.

Since compensating nut 41 is the element which is in direct engagement with lathe carriage 11, longitudinal movement of the carriage conforms to movement of the and cutting tool 14. into contact nut 41 on the power screw rather than to the direct ac tion of the power screw 16. Bearing in mind. that power screw 10 may be and desirably is rotated at constant speed during each operation of the lathe, the longitudinal movement of the nut 41 on the power screw 10 and of the lathe carriage 11 longitudinally of the lathe bed is the resultant of power screw rotation and nut rotation. The value of this resultant can be from a zero or negative value at which the nut 41 and carriage 11 have no longitudinal movement or a reverse movement with respect to the power screw it), up to a value at which the longitudinal speed imparted to the lathe carriage is unafiected by action of the compensating nut. In the first instance the compensating nut 41 is rotated at an equal or greater speed than the rotational speed of the power screw 10 and in the latter instance the nut 41 is not rotated. Between these extremes the compenasting nut 41 by rotating at slower speed than the power screw 10 imparts to the carriage 11 longitudinal feed slower than would be imparted by direct engagement between the power screw and the carriage.

It should be understood that the action of compensating nut 41 is variable throughout its entire range under the control of stylus contact with template B, motor 36 being a sensitive variable speed motor. Since cross-feed motor 25, also under stylus control, is a sensitive reversing motor, the control acts rapidly to give a cut of increased accuracy and smoothness throughout all variations of template contour. The cutting thus depends on stylus and template control of cross-feed and a similar control of the longitudinal feed, the latter involving the use of variable compensating means directly connected with the lathe carriage which avoids necessity for varying the rotational speed of the power screw itself. It will be understood readily that the inclusion of such variable compensating means not only simplifies the lathe structure greatly but also greatly increases the sensitivity of the lathe in accurately following the template contour.

The stylus 15 and its associated elements of the stylus, or tracer, assembly may be described as ornni-directional. That is the organization is sensitive to deflecting pressure on the stylus from any direction about its axis. Under normal operating conditions the stylus is deflected to form a slight angle with its natural axis by pressure against the template. If this angle is decreased by va minute value, the cross-slide drive motor 25 will be energized by the electronic control and the pressure between the stylus and the template will be maintained continuously. This same impulse serves to energize the compensating motor 36 which acts to subtract from the fixed longitudinal feed an amount equal to that imparted to the cross-slide feed. In like manner, it the deflection angle of the stylus is increased by a minute amount the cross slide motor 25 is energized by the electronic control. The increase of stylus pressure delivers current of opposite polarity, causing the cross-slide motor to retract the cross-slide thus maintaining a fixed pressure between the stylus and template. This same impulse serves to energize the compensating motor associated with the longitudinal feed as before, without change in polarity.

It will be noted that the stylus-operated electronic control apparatus controls both the magnitude and direction of the cross-feed, but controls only the magnitude of the longitudinal feed compensation. of the control with its inherent smoothness and accuracy of cutting at all angles, it is possible to use the lathe with but slight structural change to cut a template from a premade roll used as a pattern. The structural arrangement for so doing is shown in Figs. XIII, XIV and XV of the drawings. In making the adaptation to this inverted use it is necessary merely to remove cutting tool 14 and stylus support 19 from tool and stylus rest 13 and to equip the tool and stylus rest with instrumentalities of difierent sort. Thus the cutting tool is replaced by a bracket 46 which carries a stylus follower 47 and stylus Because of the nature 48, the bracket being mounted to bring stylus 48 into other than a lathe, to give an automatic control of the contact with the roll C which serves as a pattern; At the machines cutting action in accordance with the contour outer end of tool and stylus support 13 there is a milling of a form.

cutter 49 which brings a milling tool 50 into contact with We claim as our invention:

a template blank D carried by template holder 16. Mill- 1. In a lathe comprising a frame, a carriage movable ing cutter 49 is rotated at constant relatively slow speed linearly on said frame, a power-screw driven at a selected by an independently energised motor 51. constant speed for propelling said carriage, a cross-slide Figs XVI and XVII of the drawings illustrate in a in said carriage and traversable angularly to the direcschematrc and simplified manner the connection of an tron of travel of said carriage, electrrcal tracer control adapted Raytheon duplicator assembly to control simulcomprising in combination a compensating nut on said taneously the cross-feed and longitudinal feed of the cutpower-screw and connected with said carriage acting by ting tool. Fig. XVI shows the connection of stylus its rotation 'to modify longitudinal propulsion of said through a control box 52 and duplicator 53 with crosscarriage by said power-screw without alteration in the feed motor and a control unit 54 for compensating speed of the power screw, a variable speed longitudinal motor 36, tying both cross-feed and longitudinal feed to 15 speed modifying motor for rotating said compensating the effect of the stylus. The same organization with nut, a reversible motor for traversing said cross-slide at somewhat more wiring detail is shown in Fig. XVII illusvariable speed, a tracer mounted on said cross-slide to trative of the stylus control. follow the contour of a form, and electrical means con- The result of the lathe organization and the control trolling simultaneous coordinated energization of said f it tti ti a b ex lained a follow 20 compensating motor and said cross-slide motor both from In the event that a straight longitudinal cut is being said tracer, the said electrical means acting under the made, the stylus wrll follow a straight lrne contour of etfect of a single signal therefrom in correspondence with the area of the roll blank in which such cut is to be made. power-screw.

In this cutting action the speed of longitudinal feed is the 2. In a lathe comprising a frame, a carriage movable basal speed of the power screw, If, however, the conlinearly on said frame, a rotatably driven member fOl tour to be followed becomes angular or curved, the tendpropelling said carriage, a cross-slide in said carriage and ency for the stylus to leave the template is overcome in traversable angularly to the direction of travel of said the manner de ib d above, Th efieot of thi oom encarriage; the combination of a motor arranged to actuate sation is instantaneous, so that the resulting cut gives a the said member for propelling the said linearly movable minimum of irregularity and a maximum of smoothness Carriage at a Selected Constant Speed, mechanlcal mto the surface of the work-prece on which the cutting is pensatrng means connectrng sard carriage wrth sard rotatgeneral use in th manufacture f h h the l th f our carriage without alteratron in the speed of sard rotatably lnventlOn presents particularly great advantage. It 18 to driven member, a varrable speed carnage feed modlfylng b understood h h h work-piece may b any motor arranged to act on sard mechanical compensating ti l hi h i t b t to a ifi t u 40 means, a reversible motor for traversing said cross-slide Certain general advantages of our lathe may be noted, at variable speed, a tracer mounted on said cross-slide to Th fa t h h power sol-ow may rotate t t t follow the contour of a form, and electrrcal means conspeed gives a maximum speed f lo t d l carriage trolling the simultaneous coordrnated energrzatron of sard travel subject t d fi t b h notion f th compensating motor and sard cross-slide motor both from pensating means. Because of the fact that the compen- Said tracer, the said electrical means acting under the efsating nut transmits from the power shaft to the carriage feet of a Single Signal therefrom, in correspondence With difi d speed f any d i d value h l h i greatly the magnitude of energization of the sard reversrble motor sunplrfied in structure as well as berng rendered accurate with equal maghltude t0 eherglle the compehsahhg motor in operation. Also this compensation avoids necessity to mOdlfY the effect of the Colman! Speed Of the Said for frequent speed adjustment of the power screw as by 5 fotatably driven berchange gears, clutches or the like mechanical means. In a machine t001 a controlling and compensating The greatest advantage of our lathe resides in the ease, assembly comprising tWO rotatable driving members in accuracy and smoothness of the cutting operation which mutually angular relation two drrven carriage structures t pe -forms A h i cant advantage f h associated each wrth one of sard drrvrng members, a n- 1 i h fa t h there are no li i i as to motor arranged to actuate one of said driving members the contour WhlCh the lathe is capable of turning, the at a selected constant speed, mechamcal compensating rate of speed along the contoured surface being relatrvely means cohhechhg the Said drlvlhg member With Its 38 0- constant. In practrcal effect thls rate of feed 1n the lathe elated carnage and constructed to llhpart modlhed P varies from the selected longitudinal feed to 1.414 times said flhl'vhlg member actuated at Selected constant Speed,

h l d fe d a varrable speed motor arranged to act effectively on sard I es ence ur i ventio c si t i a lyi t a compensating means, a reversible motor arranged to act machine tool (as specifically illustrated and described i effectively on said second rotatable driving member to l h i hi h f d i at least n di i i propel the carriage associated therewith at variable speed, trolled both as to direction and magnitude and in which a tracer mounted to follow the contour of a form in movefeed in one other dimension is controlled as to magnitude ment of the sard carriages, and electrical means conalone the latter control berng attarned by compensating trollrng the simultaneous coordinated energrzatron of the the constant rotational speed of a drlvrng element, and sard compensating motor and the sard reversible motor in which both controls are actuated by impulses initiating both from said tracer, the sard electrical means acting from a single tracer in contact with a form. With this under the effect of a single signal therefrom, in correunderstanding it Wlll be clear that compensating means spondence with the magnitude of energrzation of the sard other than the compensatrng nut shown and described reversible motor with equal magnitude to energrze the may be placed under control of the tracer without decompensating motor to modrfy the effect of the sard parting from the spirit of our invention Also the control constant speed driving member.

assembly is susceptible of incorporation in a machine tool 4. In a machine tool a controlling and compensating assembly comprising a power screw driven at a selected constant speed and a secondary screw in mutually angular relation, two driven carriage structures associated each for propulsion with one of said screws, 21 compensating nut connecting the said power screw with its associated carriage and constructed to impart modified propulsion to said carriage without alteration in the speed of the power screw, a variable speed motor arranged to act efiectively on said compensating nut, a reversible motor arranged to act effectively on said secondary screw to propel the carriage associated therewith at variable speed, a tracer mounted to follow the contour of a form in movement of the said carriages, and electrical means controlling the simultaneous coordinated energization of the said compensating motor and the said reversible motor both from said tracer, the said electrical means acting under the effect of a single signal therefrom, in correspondence, with the magnitude of energization of the said reversible motor with equal magnitude to energize the compensating motor to ,modify the. effect of the constant speed of the said. a power screw.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Buhne et al Sept. 25, 1900 Bouvier et al May 10, 1938 Kue-hni et al. Nov. 6, 1945 Parsons July 12, 1949 Branson Dec. 27, 1949 Fryklund et a1 July 3, 1951 

